Methane
Methane emitted by ruminant animals accounts for approximately 6% of global greenhouse gas emissions. While this percentage may seem modest, methane’s potent warming effect underscores the importance of reducing livestock emissions. Finding effective solutions in this area can significantly contribute to achieving the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
Methane breaks down in the atmosphere after about a decade, unlike CO 2 which accumulates over time. Acting now to cut methane emissions is therefore the most effective tool we have to make a near-term difference in addressing global warming.
In New Zealand alone, methane emissions are our greatest opportunity to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions
How animals make methane
Globally, there are over 1 billion cattle emitting methane through a natural process called enteric fermentation. This process is how ruminants break down natural fibers like grass to produce energy for producing meat and milk products. Methanogens, opportunistic organisms living in a cow’s large stomach (the rumen), create methane (CH₄) during this process, which is released when cattle burp.
Annually, ruminant animals globally produce approximately 200 megatons of methane through enteric fermentation.
Methane globally
Significant progress has been made with feed additives that effectively reduce methane emissions. However, because these additives must be consistently included with every mouthful of food to be highly effective, they are not a feasible solution for pasture-grazed livestock—the predominant farming method in much of the world.
Livestock farming serves as both a livelihood and a vital source of high-quality nutrients for millions of people worldwide, yet it also contributes significantly to global warming.
More than 150 countries have signed the Global Methane Pledge, committing to reducing methane emissions by 30% by 2030. Ruminant animals alone account for about 40% of the world’s methane emissions.
Delivering a solution to these challenging emissions could be game-changing, enabling sustainable livestock farming. We need a solution that benefits both farmers and the planet.